Druk Green Power Corporation LTD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Druk Green Power Corporation LTD - Essay ExampleThe ignorevass Druk Green Power Corporation LTD presents the overview of the management of the Druk Green Power Corporation Ltd and how the expectancy theory can be applied to it. the expectancy theory is one of the contemporary theories win management which describes motivation in relation to valence, expectancy, and instrumentation. The effort in work activities is described at bottom the expectancy theory as the enter of a worker. The motivator of human effort is the perceptions of the performance which emanates from this effort. Gupta and Boyd reflect that the contemporary theories of management postulate that in force(p) managers must motivate their diverse workforce so that their intersectionivity is enhanced. In accordance to Bell and Martin, the product of expectancy, valence, and instrumentality is motivation. This argument further reveals the components of motivation which needs to be present for a company to bring home the bacon its goals effectively and efficiently. Within Druk Green Power Corporation Ltd, there are various departments which are supercharged with different functions which are all aimed at addressing the common vision of the company. Without the functions and roles of the employees within these departments, it is not possible that this would be achieved. The development of the company and its growth in productivity depends on the level into which the human resource within the company is motivated. Gupta and Boyd reveal that instrumentality within the expectancy theory represents the belief of the users of various tools.

How do you as an Early Years leader or potential Early Years leader Essay

How do you as an archaean Years leader or potential Early Years leader evidence effective leadership to respond to the challenge - Essay ExampleEffective leadership is often deemed as quite an important element that is essential in the successful accomplishment of any particular goal. Basically, hatful understand a leader as a person who is followed by early(a)s for his/her i push-down stores and strong principles. leadership is as well as a concept of organising peck and leading them towards meeting set targets of any particular work. In each domain of the society, the habit and the importance of a leader are quite significant and can only be ignored. Some of the major roles of leaders include leading, commanding, guiding as well as influencing people (Daly & et. al., 2004). Similar to the importance of leadership in various domains of the society, its significance in the Early Years celestial sphere is excessively considered as quite vital. It entrust be worth mention ing in this regard that leadership in the early years is quite different and critical as compared to their importance in other sections of the society. Contextually, it would be vital to obtain a critical understanding of the concept, approach and characteristics of leadership in the Early Years sector. A leader in the Early Years sector assumes an imperative role to provide a right direction to the children in their early st progress of life and train them towards a better future. Their role in particular involves inspiring children and teenagers with the clear and precise vision that could enable them to strikingness the challenges and changes that will be occurring inevitably in their life will as they keep growing (Janet, 2006). This culture will primarily intend to demonstrate the various aspects of effective leadership that is essential with regard to deal with the challenges and changes usually emerging in this Early Years sector. In the process, the discussion will also e valuate the views and theories of various studies that are associated with the aspect of Early Years leadership and management. The paper will also highlight some of the challenges that prevail in the Early Years leadership sector and accordingly certain strategies will be developed to deal with the same. Discussion In the recent years, commodious research has been conducted on the early years of children and the impacts of the adults that are associated with them in their beginning stage of learning. Children in this age usually follow those people who are closely in association with them in their daily activities comprising education, play and other activities, which further influences their futuristic goals and vision in life. In this regard, the people associated with the children, who include parents and teachers, have a key role to play as Early Years leaders. Early Years lead and Management- Theories and Literature Children in their early years are often observed to be relu ctant to recognize themselves as leaders or managers in the near future, certainly as they lack such a complex understanding as adolescents or adults. Correspondingly, the role of the Early Years leaders comes into existence. Leadership in the early years mainly

Longitudinal study vs survey methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

longitudinal study vs vignette orders - Essay ExampleThis kind of a study is special(prenominal) in its nature in that the look forer is not required to interfere with the subjects of the study but, is required to consumption the same subjects in the conduct of the several phases of the study. Thus, a longitudinal study can establish a sequence of interrogation tied(p)ts during its conduct. This form of study is very beneficial to a look intoer in the find that one is able to detect the changes or developments in the characteristics of the test subjects (sample population) either at the soulfulness levels or at the group level. 1. Hutto, C.J., Yardi, S., & Gilbert. E., (2013). A Longitudinal Study of Follow Predictors on Twitter. CHI , 1-10. 2. Rajulton, F. (2001). The Fundamentals of Longitudinal Research An Overview. Special Issue on Longitudinal modeology, Canadian Studies in Population , Vol. 28 (2), 169-185. 3. Diamond, L. M. (2008). pistillate Bisexuality From Adole scence to adulthood Results From a 10-Year Longitudinal Study. Developmental Psychology , Vol. 44 (1), 5-14. 4. Huesmann, L. R., Moise-Titus, J., Podolski, C-L., Eron, L. D., (2003). Longitudinal Relations amid Childrens Exposure to TV Violence and Their Aggressive and Violent Behavior in Young Adulthood 19771992. Developmental Psychology , Vol. 39 (2), 201-221. 5. Farrall, S. (2007). ... The chart below shows a summary of the benefits and challenges faced by this research method as shall be discussed later in the essay. PART 3 Survey method is a research method that studies individual units that have been sampled from the main population as well as the techniques of the info collection utilize in the survey such as the construction of the questionnaires. Consequently, a survey research method would look into the accuracy of the survey responses as well as the methods that can be apply to improve their number. In most cases, the researcher undertakes the surveys so as to be abl e to make statistical inferences regarding the population under study (Zikmund, 2013). The chart below shows a summary of the benefits and challenges faced by this research method as shall be discussed later in the essay. PART 4 Longitudinal Research Method Survey Research Method Refers to an observational study that is conducted upon the same subjects or sample through the concourse of data repeatedly over a period of time. This period of time may extend to even one year or beyond like a decade Refers to a research method that studies individual units that have been sampled from the main population as well as the techniques of the data collection used in the survey such as the construction of the questionnaires. Benefits Challenges Benefits Challenges 1. It does allow the researchers to easily identify any changes or developments that may occur in the characteristics of the target or sample population both at the individual and group levels. 1. The observations by definition are n ot independent. As such the study must evermore account for the data dependency. 1. It is relatively easy to develop and to administer especially when using advanced survey

Improving the Presidential Election Process Essay

Improving the Presidential Election Process - Essay Exampleults collected from primary elections and caucuses argon used to determine the number of delegates to be assigned to the national conventions of each party (Sabato, 2006, p 61). The decreed delegates then select the presidential nominees basing on the partys by-laws for their parties as they move towards November General Elections.This body of undertaking caucuses and presidential primaries is faced with shortcomings when some claims hold their primary elections and caucuses earlier than others leading to biased parcelling of delegates in each state. On the contrary the process is successful when campaign costs are blow down due to candidates concentrating resources in one state at a time because of the prolonged finis of both caucuses and primary elections. According to the United States electoral procedures, delegates elected into the national conventions are charged with the tariff of nominating official presidentia l candidates for the two major political parties of the United States (Kendall, 2000, p 56).To provide a equilibrate electoral arrangement for the primary elections and caucuses, there need to be a balanced primary agreement where primary contents could be held in between late January and late May. Each state should be assigned a specific time frame and provision for electing 12% of delegates from a single state for party nominations. Using this system will have provisions where larger states will have more positions for additional delegates since the smaller states would have been catered for. In addition, a balanced diversity in the contest could be maximized by pairing liberal states with conservative states and urban areas to be harmonized with rural areas. By implementing this proposed system of conducting both primary elections and caucuses in each state, lesser known political candidates will get an lucifer chance to be nominated just like their influencing opponents. Fu rthermore it will cut down on advertising costs and travel time hence

Biomechanics - Body Movements Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biomechanics - Body Movements - Assignment ExampleThe two muscles be antagonistic to each other. The biceps brings about flexion while the triceps is responsible for(p) for extension of the upper arm. The upper break off of the biceps has its origin from the scapula and its lower end is inserted on the radius bone lying on the mesial aspect of the forearm. The muscle is located in the front parting of the forearm. condensing of biceps brachii in response to loathsome stimulation causes flexion i.e. the forearm is raised in an upward movement. The muscle is therefore categorized as a flexor muscle. In response to the flexion, i.e. when the biceps contracts, the antagonistic triceps muscle relaxes simultaneously. The triceps is located in the posterior portion of the upper arm with its origin from the scapula as hearty as the humerus castanets. The point of insertion of triceps is at the olecranon process of the ulna, the long bone in the forearm located on the lateral side. C ontraction of the triceps straightens or extends the arm and this is the reason for its classification as an extensor muscle. The movement follows the pattern of a open of the third order, wherein the load is located at the hand, and the fulcrum at the elbow (Peterson & Bronzino, 2008). 2) In no more than 250 lecture describe the function of the form and its importance in movement. The tender draft is an integrated framework of 206 bones which supports the soft tissue and protects the vital organs (McKinley & OLoughlin, 2008). The skeletal system has been classified as the axial skeleton, comprising of the bones lying along the central axis of the personify, which includes the skull, the vertebral column and the rib cage and the appendicular skeleton, comprising the bones of the arms and legs, as well as the pelvic and the pectoral girdles (McKinley & OLoughlin, 2008). The appendicular skeleton is more pertinent as far as the body movements ar concerned although the axial sk eleton is by no means non-contributory, as it hand overs the central axis or the pivot around which the body movements go by. The mandible is the planetary portion in the skull and the vertebrae too glide to a certain extent to beam flexibility to the vertebral column. The appendicular skeleton however shows a great degree of motility and is responsible for locomotion. The upper and the lower limbs emanate from the pectoral and the pelvic girdle respectively while the ribs form a bony cage to protect the vital organs. The skeleton provides the hard, bony framework for the origin as well as insertion of the skeletal muscles, the contraction and relaxation of which is actually responsible for locomotion. The skeletal muscles are highly specialized and often occur in pairs to produce movement antagonistic to each other. The movement of the joints fuck vary from simple gliding, rotation, adduction, abduction, flexion and extension. The muscles are firmly attached to the bones throu gh specialized structures called ligaments and tendons and movements occur in the form of levers of the 1st, 2nd and the 3rd order. 3) In no more than 250 words describe and provide examples of each synovial joint. Synovial joints are freely mobile articulations in which the participating bones are separated by a space called joint cavity (McKinley & OLoughlin, 2008). These joints are freely mobile and are functionally classified as diarthrosis. There are four synovial joints in the human skeleton viz. the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint the temporomandibular joint the elbow, and the knee joint (McKinley & O

Based on your analyses of The Catcher in the Rye and two films Essay

establish on your analyses of The Catcher in the Rye and two films demonstrate one lesson developed in these texts to the highest degree the role of - Essay ExampleThe characters of Holden Caulfield in J.D. Salingers The Catcher in the Rye, the many characters in stern Hughes The Breakfast alliance, and Kat and Bianca Startford in Gil Jungers 10 Things I Hate About You all manage to maintain relationships with their pargonnts while discovering their own identities, yielding different results in each situation. From the beginning of The Catcher in the Rye, it is unmixed that Holden Caulfields relationship with his parents isnt quite what it is supposed to be. Holden discusses how he has been kicked out of school and yet, his parents are entirely unaware of it. He also expresses that he has no desire to come home. Right there, it was evident that Caulfield had a disconnect from his parents. Part of this disconnect may have been related to the fact that Caulfield was sent forward to boarding school for so much of his life. Not only did he go to boarding schools, scarce he went to multiple boarding schools due to failing out of one after the other. It is clear that he is a deeply emotionally disturbed individual throughout the novel, and yet his parents are insignificant figures in his life, as seen in the novel. Mr. and Mrs. Caulfield were non entirely to blame for this, of course. The family had gone through a great take of emotional turmoil outside of Holdens personal circumstances. Outside of the novels action, Holdens old(a) brother Allie, who serves as the familys golden child, passed a course from leukemia. Of course, this had an effect on Holden, his parents, and the relationship surrounded by them. As parents who are in mourning, their other children may not be on the forefront of their minds, as unfortunate as it may be. The consumption of their attention by the death of their child does not blotto that they love their other children any less . Rather, they are preoccupied by the situation at hand. Consequently, the remaining children may feel as though they have been forgotten or are unimportant. In Holdens case, he feels as though hes living in the shadow of his deceased brother. Studies show that most(prenominal) children are resilient when bereaved, and their adaptation is facilitated by positive and authoritative parenting, (Dowdney). Unfortunately for Holden, his bereavement process has not been facilitated. Rather, he has been in boarding school, where he has no choice but to sort things out for themselves. coupler this with general teenage angst, it is extremely difficult for Holden to establish his own place in the world, let alone establish a healthy relationship with his parents. Each character in John Hughes The Breakfast Club has an intricate relationship with their respective parents. Their difference in social status also further the complexity of these relationships, as well as their behavior as a res ult of these relationships. In this film, the parent-child relationship is explored in a way in which we see how it effects the individuals search for them true selves. In John Benders case, he adopts his tough guy persona as a way to mask the feelings he has over being physically abused by his father. Studies have shown that Adolescents are at risk of academic failure, school drop-out, delinquency, and substance abuse. Some investigators have suggested that a history of family violence or abuse is the most significant difference between

What is Macroeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

What is Macro economic science - Essay ExampleWhat is Macroeconomics?Macroeconomics deals with the substance indicators like prices, unemployment rates and gross domestic product in order to know how the entire economy works. Macroeconomists build models that finish up the connection between factors like international finance, national income, consumption, output, savings, inflation, unemployment, international trade and investment. In contrary, micro economics is basically fixated on individual agents action like consumers and firms and in what way do their behavior repair quantity and prices in particular markets. As macroeconomics is a wide study field, two fields of researches which atomic take 18 symbolic of the subject. The be active to understand the consequences and causes of short run variations in a business cycle and the move to know the determinants of economic growth atomic number 18 some of its main objectives. Macroeconomics model and its forecast ar utilise by large corporations and government to assist in evaluation and development of business strategy and economic policy (Dwivedi, pp.7) Macroeconomics concepts Macroeconomics comprises of variables and concepts though there are 3 core issues for macroeconomic research. Macroeconomic theory ceaselessly relates inflation, unemployment and output. External to macroeconomics, the topics are extensively vital to economic agents inclusive of producers, consumers and workers. Output and income The general economic bodily function for the economy is briefed by an output total card. As the manufacture or serve and goods output generates income. separately entire output measure relates to the measure of aggregate income. The states of America today employ the concept of aggregate output known as GDP (gross domestic product). The gross domestic product is the measure of services and goods currently produced at market prices value. An individual should note that there are many GDP measure f eatures. To start with, only presently produced goods are encompassed. This means that when one purchases an old Tudor accommodate senile 150 years, it does not add up to the GDP. What adds to the GDP is the service that the estate agent renders in the house purchasing process. Secondly, end products are counted. For avoidance of count, intermediate goods do not add to the GDP. For instance, steel that is utilize in automobile manufacture is valued as a whole. Lastly, all services and goods encompassed in GDP are assessed at market prices. Hence the prices show the prices paid by consumers at retail train inclusive of indirect taxes like sales taxes. gross national product (gross national product) is a similar measure to GDP. Up to late, the government has employed GNP as the core measure of economic activity of the nation. Changes in trends ceaselessly places more effect on income or output instead of prices (Blaug, pp. 108) There is a slight difference of opinion between GDP and GNP. The GDP is exclusive of income that the U.S resident and companies earn abroad. Many other income and output measures are consequent from GNP. They are inclusive of NNP (net national product), which extracts an allowance for tear and wear on equipment and plant from GNP called depreciation. Though these measures change down and up in a general same fashion, it is disposable income which is nearly tied to customers conduct for services and goods. It is the most outstanding aggregate demand component and entire demand for services and goods in the economy from sources. It should be noticed that the entire output or income measures deliberated above are always mentioned in real terms and nominal terms. The real terms are attuned for inflation and hence widely used as they are not distortion subject introduced by price changes. Unemployment The unemployment number in a state is measure using the rate of unemployment, workers percentage with no jobs in the advertize

Proposition 8 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Proposition 8 - Assignment Examplepersons along with their addresses and financial contribution towards the campaign has been record for the future references through with(predicate) social networking websites. However, the data recorded as public randomness is inconvenient to entryway and possesses the risk of privacy severance (California Secretary of State Debra Bowen, 2008).With the emergence of internet, privacy is the most essential concern for users accessing internet. The development of information technology and computer science has both positive and negative effects and on the negative side, it has led to different unethical practices. Hackers and intruders are identified to access confidential information through unauthorized access on the system. In this regard, it can be possible for cyber criminals to access data of the unify persons unethically, which may raise problems for donors providing private information such as address and credit card information among oth ers. Thus, it can be assert that Proposition 8 may raise challenges in terms of breach of privacy rights as well as threats for donors providing private information (Sembok, 2003).It can be evidently asserted that the actions undertaken in the Proposition 8 of providing private information publicly through social networking websites have increase problems relating to inconvenience of accessing information and breach of privacy. Additionally, the actions of providing private information without appropriate privacy measures and security tools may embolden intruders and hackers in breaching information of donors efficiently (Perlroth, 2012 Sembok,

Body language within the counselling forum and its implications Thesis

Body words within the rede forum and its implications - dissertation ExampleWhat cues are and how researchers have thrashed out issues in counseling have been discussed. The significance of body language and how interpretations are made by the counselor are also discussed.The counselling profession for exceptional psychic health require shows an emerging trend on a global scale which has given devise to international counselling (Hohenshil 2010 p.3). Though found only in the US at one tailor of time, counselling has spread its wings to an international level. Developing tailored counselling programs is a challenge in itself. Political orientation does not influence this practice of counselling. Whatever the politics of a region, the prescribed cordial health is a priceless social and economic asset (Hohenshil 2010 p 3). Advanced counseling systems with nonrecreational associations, armed with good credentials, highly qualified trained counsellors and unique counselling progra ms which produce the maximum positive results are a blessing to a nation. The multi-cultural diversity would require that programs are modified according to the needs of the local community. Diversity is seen in the national histories, social orientation (whether collectivistic or individualistic) and in unalike economic situations and political settings (Hohenshil 2010 p 3). Every field of practice has been developed to include counselling. Schools have counselling for their children who need help when they become backward in studies or have some issues with teachers and other students. headmaster counsellors may need to have training if they have to cope with new situations. The counselling profession is in a different developmental stage in different countries. Progress is occurring at a unwavering pace (Hohenshil 2010 p 3). Body language or nonverbal communication constitutes a major dowery of counseling.Studying nonverbal communication is simulated to a treasure hunt withou t a map or tools

Consumer Behavior Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Consumer Behavior - Assignment ExampleMany individuals have convictions that the theory non tho provides the platform for individual performance but also for the success of the businesses. The theory illuminates that people or military personnel postulates can be faceted using five sets. The existence of these needs is in a particular hostel of which if one is fulfilled, the desire to fulfill the next one crop up. The first need encompasses the basic needs that aid in the functioning of the body. The examples of such need ar activities such as eating, drinking et cetera. At times, the sexual needs are usually category. The next need entails the deep internal desire to be secure and safe. Security in this context refers to having the knowledge that those basic are to be fulfilled in future. The third needs involve the need for love, company or friendship. Humans be to forget that once they had forgotten that they were hungry in the past, they cared little about love. The immedi ate subsequent demo consists of the social needs (Kremer & Hammond, 2014). The social needs may involve the need for an individual to belong in the highest status, social recognition, and the need for respect. In the last set of the needs is the self-actualization need. Maslows initial work did not entail the used of either triangle or pyramid to represents the human motivational needs. However, the contemporary Maslows needs have the illustration of the needs in a pyramid format where the preferential order of the needs begins at the pyramids based to the top. In the management approach the needs were as follows the physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self actualization needs. Managers often use the model to put the employees needs with the aim of aiding them to fulfill the needs.These needs are so essential in the life of individuals that if not met, makes it difficult to move up the pyramid. In the physiological needs, the basic needs hotels can of fer are in

Grand Hotel Scarborough Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

wonderful Hotel Scarborough - Essay ExampleThis paper discusses the effects of broad-minded and development during this period by citing the multi-dimensional background of this historical landmark. The Grand Hotel is considered to be an important part of puritanical legacy since it was the first custom-built hotel in the whole of Europe. match to Wolff (2009), Europeans were growing wealthier due to the era of colonialism and the benefits recognize through the Renaissance. The Grand Hotel was constructed to attract the richest vacationers with some of the latest luxuries of the day. The hotel was first constructed in 1863 at a while when the notion of sub-bathing was gaining widespread touristedity. By 1867, the hotel had evolved into one of the worlds biggest luxury hotels and consisted of more than 370 guest rooms. Watkin (2007) says that the architecture of the hotel is truly Victorian in nature and was instrumental in popularizing it as an early holiday resort. Scarborou gh was a small-town sea resort for almost 250 years prior to the construction of the Grand Hotel. The first Spa in the town came up around 1626, when a stream of water containing acidic properties was discovered flowing bring down from the nearby cliffs. A hundred years later, visitors had the fortune to have a dip in the sea and could sun-bathe on the shore. But it was not until the arrival of the modern railway during the 1840s that the number of visitors into the town multiplied heterogeneous (Burton, 2008). More than seven million yellow bricks were used for the construction of this hotel and were prepared specially for this purpose in the nearby town of Hunmanby (Burton, 2008). The rise in tourist numbers presented a new business opportunity and prompted an architect named John Gibson to design a magnificent hotel that would be constructed on Scarboroughs South Cliff. The think to build the worlds largest hotel was unveiled in 1845 and it was not until 18 years later that the hotel was deemed complete. According to Linstrum (2009), the hotel consisted of four large towers at each of its corners and represented the four seasons in a year. There were 12 floors denoting the 12 months in a year. By 1867, the hotel boasted of over 365 rooms signifying the number of days in a year. In fact, the hotel has a total of fifty-two chimneys, one for each week in a year. Hitchcock (2008) says that the era and care taken to construct this hotel projects the prevailing sentiment during the era that inspired achievement and perfection. Guests at the Grand Hotel were provided up to four taps to choose between fresh and sea water (both hot and cold). Kemp (2004) adds that the undefiled hotel was itself constructed in a V shape to commemorate Queen Victoria. The Grand Hotel, together with other popular landmarks in Scarborough, was bombed severely during the First World War. However, it was restored back to its original glory in quick time. The Hotel suffered wicked damage when the German Navy bombarded the entire coastline in Northern Yorkshire in 1914. Luckily, the attack happened during the off-peak season when in that respect were very few guests in the hotel. Shells from German U-boats damaged the Grand Restaurant while several guestrooms suffered immense damage due to direct bombardment. The cost of refurbishing the hotel during those days was estimated at nearly ?10,000 (Gray, 2006). While the

Tourism, Leisure, Culture, Society & Politics Essay

Tourism, Leisure, Culture, Society & Politics - Es place ExampleFirst and foremost, touristry is a turn out of consumerism. It deals with a set of operate people have at their disposal for a particular gist of notes. The financial issue is maven of the most significant drives in touristic choices (Haan, 2008). That is to say, tourism and consumerism are close in their practical meaning with landscape as the main medium of attraction for tourists (Aitchison, MacLeod, & Shaw, 2001). In turn, capitalism is ever so consumerism regarding to the notion among Western countries. Hence, it is indicative of many people to be troublemakers instead of tourists, as they intrude into the surroundings of cultural and ethnical diversity of many people with no excuse as long as they are driven by the idea of their right for letting loose in accordance with money they spent for such a pleasure. Besides, there is a clear distinction between tourism and traveling. Andrews (2011) admits that tou rism does much harm to the environment than traveling, since it the former touches upon invasion, pollution, and narrow- witedness while the latter is characterized by discovery, understanding, intelligence, adventures, and broad-mindedness. In this vein, tourism is a mark of a persons identity looking at the places one visits and the services one prefers most of altogether with an idea of a cultural merge in mind (Weiermair & Mathies, 2004). It is all about the financial substantiality of individuals. Thus, they want to pay for their pleasure in terms of the price to be paid for that. On the other hand, tourism, leisure, political activities, rights of individuals are all incorporated in the field of globalization. To say more, tourism and leisure are socially constructed and are subject to the power of a mans feelings and inner states (Andrews, Deconstructing tourism & leisure, 2011). In the historical cut, individuals tried to perceive multiculturalism when traveling around the globe. In some(a) cases it was favorable (India, Africa) in some other (Magellan and the Philippines) it ended up ferociously. Nonetheless, tourism has become an exploration of ones ability to cope with different identities and in close relation with the local authenticity. The works by Paul Gauguin, Somerset Maugham, Jules Verne, and many other representatives of art and literature were among the pioneers of the global trend for cultural and enhancive tourism. However, it was nice at a glance from the very outset. It changed significantly with the advent of commodification versus authenticity. Cole (2007) points out in his study that commodification of different places (so attractive for tourists) leads to negative outcomes based on the political manipulation over the villagers for the stake of the tourists well-being. In fact, such a trend designates the very purpose of tourism in this or that emplacement and in accordance with this or that cultural identity. Talking on the co mmodification and authenticity, one should bear it in mind that tourism is a direct search for difference and dominance as long as some experts compare it with neo-imperialism (Andrews, Creating the Other People as Tourist Commodities, 2011). In addition, it is Western people who are more devoted to explore other countries in the same manner as their predecessors did in the colonial age. Thus, it is a hidden drive for pleasure and its

Should immigration rights be stricter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Should immigration rights be stricter - Essay ExamplePeople from all over the world migrating to the array country introduce their own cultural aspects into the host society. Immigrants are one reason why talking to has changed in dialect and variety in many countries over the decades, that have been some of the top destinations for immigrants e.g. the UK, the USA, Australia, and Canada. It cannot be generalized or established that the effect of this change in culture of the host country is easily or bad in some ways it is good whereas in other ways it is bad. It as well as depends upon the interests of the institutions or organizations conducting the analysis. For example, when a country has a predominantly Christian population, people might encourage the enforcement of stricter immigrant rights in particular for the illegal immigrants Illegal immigration is the antithesis of ChristianityIts a gross mischaracterization of Christianity to apply it to tolerating the mass lawlessn ess, death and indemnification involved in illegal immigration (Gheen cited in Piccalo) whereas film industry would have the opposite stance because the greater the variety of cultures in the society, the more vibrant the ideas and the more rampant the resources.Immigrants have a angle of inclination to utilize all resources of the host culture, but not blend into the host culture in a way that makes them compromise their original values (The truth about). Many immigrants coming from predominantly Hindi or Muslim countries with conservative values tend to maintain their unique identity even as they start living in the western culture. This comes as a hurdle in their social integration. It not only makes them vulnerable to racism, but also increases their tendency to engage in the acts of racism consciously or unconsciously while socializing with the people of the host country. The immigrants prefer to retain their original values not necessarily because they have lived with thos e values all

Wegman's Supermarkets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Wegmans Supermarkets - judge ExampleThis makes it well-fixed for the supermarket personnel know their various roles and responsibilities. Owing to its fewer layers of leadership, it also gives employees an idea of who to practise to (Berkun 78).Because projects are carried out within one department, it is easier for the unit to supervise the whole project. Departments are given the familiarity to determine the project targets and are, therefore, able to exercise complete control on the outcome of these projects. Berkun argues that enables the various projects to be designed according to departmental needs (78). In addition, the feeling of having absolute control over projects encourages creative thinking and offers a favorable work environment (Kloppenborg 103).Research indicates that decisions can be do quicker when nation share similar perspectives than when they differ fundamentally. This model, therefore, leads to faster decisions and leaves little room for antagonism since the decisions are always made by an authoritative figure at Wegmans supermarkets.Because this model clusters people of similar professions and ideals together, it encourages free talk between them. This leads to knowledge and skill sharing among the supermarkets staff (Kloppenborg 104). Rather than spend unnecessarily on expensive capacity building workshops, the supermarket uses its experienced senior managers and supervisors to offer apprenticeship trainings to the less experienced employees. This leads to a more(prenominal) comprehensive and solid project execution.Wegmans Supermarkets follow a functional structure because it gives the other squad members a definite and clear corporate ladder for the supermarkets employees to pursue. Because project managers are mostly haggard from a pool of experts in various domains, these managers are exceptionally gifted in their fields and this makes it easy for them

MOD 5 FIN 301 CA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MOD 5 FIN 301 CA - Essay ExampleThis writing aims to analyze the advantages and disadvantages for AMSC to forgo their debt financing and take on comeliness financing.AMSC can use its capital from equity financing to invest in the project or business without carrying the burden of debt on its back. In a period of financial turmoil, where businesses are faced with a credit crisis, equity financing helps in providing the obligatory cash and reduces the risk of bankruptcy. By forgoing debt financing, AMSC is gaining a major advantage by using the cash to grow its business rather than paying a bank loan. Equity financing also brings smart resources with itself such as valuable human capital which can provide necessary skills, contacts and experience to electric discharge the business. In addition to that, as the business grows over the period of time the investors are often will to provide additional mount in case if it is needed so AMSC can have retrieve to future sources of fund ing with the current owners. The owners of the equity can control the business without any interference from the creditors since the telephoner will have no debt obligations. The biggest advantage lies in the fact that the business will be needy from any interest costs thus it can boost its profits. Furthermore, during a recessionary period where there is a lack of credit in the economy, AMSC can have a chance to obtain funding through debt financing since it will have a lower Debt-to-Equity ratio. Financial institutions often extend impute to those corporations who have a lower Debt-to-Equity ratio in their balance sheets thus AMSCs ability to follow will be improved. Too much debt financing can tarnish the reputation of AMSC if they have already huge liabilities on their books. Finally, Corporations also collateralize their important assets due to debt financing and creditors impose certain miserly rules and regulations on the use of those collateralized assets which limits the ability of the organizations to use those assets

Essential Elements of a Binding Contract Research Paper

Essential Elements of a Binding Contract - Research piece of music ExampleThe lack of experience in dealing in drafting legally binding develops by businesses and individuals has promoted the occurrence of illegal acts in the administration and formation of contracts. In order to ensure that non-enforceable contracts do non occur in the future, both parties entering into a contract are required to take into experimental condition all the relevant requirements of a legal and valid contract.Definition of a Legal Contract harmonize to Miller and Hollowell (2008), a contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more persons. The two parties agree on acts that will be refrained from or performed in fulfillment of a promise. Disputes from the contracts arise when one party refuses to fulfill their part of the promise made to another contracting party. The objectives of the contract theory are to show how a contract is formulated and enforced. The theory aims at describing and showing the figure of the parties to enter into a contract. The intention of the parties to enter into a valid contract is determined by an outdoor(a) party normally by the court of law. The courts rely on the words that a party state when he/she was entering into the contract, the actions of the party to begin with he/she entered or what the appearance of the party looked like before entering into a contract. The law recognizes that the party entering into a contract that is valid must be based on free will. However, the law is responsible in regulating the freedom that an individual arouse enjoy from a contract. The law does not allow individuals to abuse the freedom to contract (Emerson, 2009). Parties in a Legal Contract The main parties to the contract include the offeror, offeree, and the government. The offeror is the party that agrees to deliver services or goods or services. The offeror is the party that agrees to accept the goods at the agreed consideration and the go vernment acts as an performer to ensure that a contract is enforced. The main obligations of an offeror in a contract include specifications of the equipment casualty of the contract. The specifications should be enough and clear to enable the offeree to understand and accept the offer. For example, an offeror selling a household must specify the boundaries of the land holding the house and the price of the house. The offeror must specify the continuation of the contract and the day that the contract will expire. The offeror reserves the right to revoke his offer in a valid or change the terms specified in a contract (Miller & Jentz, 2010). The obligations of the offeree are to accept the offer based on the requirements laid down by the offeror. Legally the offeree has a state of paying the offeror the consideration they agreed upon. If any of the parties does not bind by the rules of the contract, there exists a breach of contract. The Role of a Third Party In a Legal Contract collins (2003) states that, the role of the third party in a contract is to give a constructive attain or provide some kind of influence in the performance of a contract. However, the role play by a third party in the performance of a contract is limited. The third parties may be used to solve a dispute arising from a contract or a associate who passes important information to both the offeror and the offeree. The third party can also be a beneficiary who has the right to enforce a contract.

Produce a fully functional Essay Example for Free

Produce a fully functional EssayThe company sells to vote down(p) corner shops in the east midlands. All the gross revenue to shops be currently recorded on an rank form that go forth be processed in the companys main office. They part calculators to find out the sum up woo. They engage a total of four company repps that they use to deliver orders and take new orders if considerd. severally of the rep carries a number of documents including order forms and a catalogue including a price arguing. The current system of rules utilise to take orders can no.longer handle the increasing quantity of trade and a new system is required. The company decided to solve this problem by giving from each one rep a laptop com invester.A package allow for be installed into the laptops to process the data. The company depart require the following features in the package An automated order form to re stray the current one. A database containing each item of cable. A facility to up assure the sales public opinion poll. A summary tack to raise the stock order from the warehouse so they can be delivered on the next round. A total sales sheet so it is possible to view any commission earned by the rep. A seat rascal that can be used to navigate to the other pages. An survival to publish so at that place is hard evidence of the documents.CURRENT METHODS USED All of the sales to the shops are manually recorded on an order form that is processed in the main office. The reps use calculators to calculate the constitutes. The reps carry catalogues containing all the products visible(prenominal) along with price lists. The order forms are separate sheets. The reps visit the shops about once a workweek and they make new orders if necessary The reps receive 2% commission for any order oer 1000. work SPECIFICATION Front Page This sheet go forth connecter up with the rest of the sheets in the spreadsheet so substance ab drug users can search it easily. orderin g form.This sheet pull up stakes be used when customers want to order products from the company. breeding to go into the order form give include take in of order Time of order gross revenue psyches invoke Customer name and Address Customer satisfy numbers Name of product explanation Price beginning number Quantity Total cost Print out form This sheet provide be very(a) to the order form and go away bear witness what the customers have ordered. in that location exit be a print option so the customers have a receipt for what they have bought. commonplace and price list This sheet will manoeuvre all the products available from the company along with a price list. Address Sheet.This will include contact details for all the customers. DATA CAPTURE METHODS on that point are many of methods used to input data into a cell. Some are listed below. Manually keying in study. Selecting data from drop down lists Macro programming Hot keys Below I have move a table to show how the breeding will be captured. Typing into cells Selecting data from a list Automatic Hot keys Customer name Rep name Date Print Address Stock description Time Saving work done Contact numbers Stock model no. Total cost Quantity Total quote cost Below is a table to show what processing needs to be done to achieve the required output.Stock Code Lookup information within a database. Display stock in a cell. Rep Name Process indicant number from the rep table. Display the data in a cell. Customer Information Lookup information within the database. Display stock in a cell. Time and Date Process the system date and time. Display time and date in the cell chosen. Commission Finds out a total if all over i 1000, and works out 2% of it. Displays commission total in a cell chosen. For a spreadsheet database to be successful, it should be as error free as possible. Information should be easily entered. An outstrip spreadsheet can provide the following functions.Tips and Help, to make it e asier to use. Formatting of cells. Labels and titles. Highlighting and background food colourings downslope down lists Validation and verification DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT By designing the spreadsheet first, it will be easy to put it together. I will provide ways of easily entering data into the spreadsheet. These will include selective information entry forms Form like sheets I am going to enter some tips to help the user use the database. These will include. Data entry piths Validation messages Marcos will play a big delve in the design of the spreadsheet. I will use it to make the spreadsheet user-friendlier.It will be used to alter data input. Produce printed reports I will use more complex spreadsheet facilities to make it even easier to use. Drop down lists- so data can be selected from a choice and not typed in all time. Named cells- some of the cells will be named so it will be easy to use when carrying out formulae. Validation- this will restrict what data can be put in to certain areas so it is easier for the users. Lists and tables- these will be used to sort the data so it can be looked up. The Front Page I will place a variety of links and macro buttons on this page so that users can search the spreadsheet easily.The buttons will all be placed on the page. I will include a company to show the user that they are on the right program. I may colour code it to make it user friendly. The order form The order form will contain many formulas. I will use a combo box to create an area where the customer information goes. When the user selects their name in this box, the rest of the information will be shown. I will use V-lookup to do this. V-lookup will likewise be used to find products that the user wishes to order. When the stock code is typed in, information on that product will be shown.The column headings will be stock code, stock and model number, description, and price. I may colour code the different columns to make it more user friendly. In or der to find the total cost for the products the customer wishes to buy, I must multiply the cost of the product by the quantity. Calculation Sheet This sheet is private and can only be viewed by the sales representatives. All calculations the reps need to make will be done on this page. For example they can mark up prices on this page. As this page is private I will insert a lock function with a password so customers cannot enter it. Commission formThe function of this page is to calculate the amount of commission. The formula to calculate this will be . This means that the rep will only get commission is a sale is over i 1000. ORDER FORM DEVELOPMENT This order form includes all the relevant information needed. I have neatly lined up the buttons next to the customer details box. However there are a few problems with it. It looks very bland. None of it is emboldened so important parts dont stand out. There is no title to show what the sheet is for. I will include these improvements i n my next design. veritable important words have been emboldened. This makes it much easier to read and looks more professional. I have placed Order Form at the top so the user can see what the page is for. The buttons are in an odd position and should be rearranged to get a better balance. The form should include Online Direct Computers guide in case the used needs it. withal an option should be added to show the sales person. Also it currently shows the price without VAT. Another calculation must be added to show the price with VAT added. It is comfort very dull so some colour needs to be added to make it more winsome and more user friendly.By adding colour and rearranging the buttons has improved the image and it now looks finished. The sales person name can now be added from a drop down list box. I will swear this image throughout the program. TESTING I carried out a number of hears in order to suss out that the spreadsheet is running correctly and to check whether it mat ches up with the specification. There were four tests that I carried out Continuous examination Testing Data Invalid Data Testing condition test Continuous Testing- I will test all the formulas that I have put into the database including all the combo boxes and buttons.Testing Data- I am going to test data in the spreadsheet to see if it all works properly. I will test Product information Customer details Sales representative names Invalid Data Testing-I will deliberately input some invalid data into some of the cells to see whether the error messages, that I created, appear. Specification test- I will compare my original specification to with my finished package.This will tell me whether the package will be able to do the job the user requires.E-Mail emailprotected com Invalid Data If I enter a stock code that isnt between 1000 and 1047 an error message will appear because there is no stock out side of this. If letters are typed in by accident an error message with appear. Specifi cation Test Original Specification Comments Target Met Front Page This sheet will link up with the rest of the sheets in the spreadsheet so users can search it easily.I have created a depend page that links up all of the pages in the database. Order form This sheet will be used when customers want to order products from the company. Information to go into the order form will includeDate of order Time of order Sales persons name Customer name and Address Customer contact numbers Name of product Description Price Stock number Quantity Total cost Date and time of order have been added into order form using the formula =NOW() The sales person names have been inserted into a drop down list that can be selected. There is infinite in a box at the top of the form for the customer name. This automatically there telephone and contact numbers. There is a box on the order form for stock codes to be typed in. This automatically brings up details including a total cost. Print out form.This sh eet will be identical to the order form and will show what the customers have ordered. There will be a print option so the customers have a receipt for what they have bought. I have included an option on the order form to print so customers will have a receipt of what they have bought. Stock and price list This sheet will show all the products available from the company along with a price list I have produced a list of all the products available from online deal computers Address Sheet This will include contact details for all the customers I have produced a list of all the customers and there contact details. Examples of the sheets.

Presidential vs. Parliamentary Government Essay Example for Free

Presidential vs. Parliamentary Government tasteEvery nation, ever since the dawn of civilization, has always had some form of judicature. It is of necessity rather than need, as a nation without maven will always result to anarchy. Today, two of the most popular and well-kn witness forms of government are the presidential form of government and the parliamentary form of government. Each form of government has its own pros and cons, and the debate of whether one is better than the other has long been a subject of discussion. The main difference surrounded by the two forms of government is how the extent governmental powers are distributed and/or separated between weapon brasses of the government, and whether one branch has or does not have power over another. In the presidential form of government, governmental and administrative powers are distinctly divided between the executive branch (the President), the legislative branch (i.e., the congress/senate), and the judicatu re branch.The powers vested in the executive branch is usually dimensiond against those given to the legislative assembly. Laws and bills are made by the legislative assembly and it is the executive branch which enacts it. The President has the power to veto the bill, preventing its execution, but the legislature may override the Presidents veto, provided they spate gather enough votes to do so (Parliamentary versus Presidential governments). This serves as a check and balance for both branches, ensuring that one does not overpower the other. In the parliamentary form of government, however, there is a coalescency of power between the legislative and executive branch. This is mostly due to the fact that the head of government, the Prime Minister, is voted into smear by the legislature, which is often mostly composed of the ruling troupe or coalition. Hence, almost always, the constituents of the executive and the legislature branches are the same (Governing Systems and Executiv e-Legislative Relations). The terms of office for both heads of the government also varies. In the presidential system of government, the President serves a specific, defined term. In the parliamentary system, the Prime Minister rest in power for as long as he or she has the support of the majority of the legislation. governmental parties also hold less of an impact on the presidential system than on then parliamentary system since the President can still be voted in office regardless of whether his or her political party is a minority or not. In parliamentary system, its almost always the ruling party which holds dominance over the outcome of the election of head of government. Given the choice, from the points stated, I would rather be a citizen of a country ruled by a parliamentary government, like the United Kingdom. There is more(prenominal) cohesion and unity given the fact that the legislative and the executive powers come from one ruling, common party. This would suppose that bills are passed much quicker. Also, ethnicity, race, and ideology wont be much of a conflicting factor, especially for a very diverse country, since power is equally divided amongst the legislators, and not just focused on one (e.g. the President). Lastly, a study conducted by the World Bank has found out that a parliamentary system is associated with lower corruption (Lederman, Loayza, Soares, par. 1).Works CitedGoverning Systems and Executive-Legislative Relations. UNDP Governance Political systems and their impact on Governing Relations. 2006. 18 declination 2007. http//www.undp.org/governance/docs/Parl-Pub-govern.htmLederman, Daniel and Normal Loayza and Rodrigo R. Soares. Accountability and Corruption Political Institutions Matter. World Bank Policy query Working Paper No. 2708. 2001. 18 December 2007. http//ssrn.com/abstract=632777Parliamentary Versus Presidential Governments. eSSORTMENT. 2002. 18 December 2007. http//mi.essortment.com/presidentialpar_rket.htm

Questions asked from the managers Essay Example for Free

Questions asked from the managers EssayThe following questions be those asked from the managers of the IT corporations. for apiece one and everyone of them were also asked to give a brief telephoner profile before the questions about blogging were asked. Company write 1. Name of Company 2. Year Company Started 3. Brief History of Company 4. Nature of Companys work 5. Number of company employees 6. Target market of the company Questions on Corporate Blog 1. What does the company offer? a. Services (what services and for whom? ) b. Products (what products and for whom? ) 2. Since when did your company start engaging in corporate blog? 3.How a lot does your company spend for the operation of your corporate blog? 4. What was the effect of corporate blog to your corporation 5. Is blogging impressive in making your customers understand more about your company? 6. Does blogging make understanding your services easier? 7. converse with Customers a. Did you receive more client feedback when you engaged in corporate blog? b. Are your customers more apprised about your products when you engaged in corporate blog? 8. Communication with Employees a. How many of your employees engage in blogging? b. What be your rules regarding employees blogging? 9.Did you integrate your missions, visions, and goals into corporate blogging? 10. Did you consider the risks involved when your corporation or company started adopting corporate blog? If yes, wherefore does your company still continue engaging in corporate blog? 11. Are the solutions which your company pursued, effective in reducing the risks of corporate blog? If not, what other solutions do you think should be done? 12. What run through been the advantages of corporate blog for your company? 13. What have been the perceived disadvantages of corporate blog for your company? 14. What were the problems faced in engaging corporate blog?15. Is corporate blogging let out than written media into bringing your servi ces closer to the customers? 4. 3 Analyzing obtained info The data obtained from the interviews have been tabulated and themes and trends from such qualitative data would therefore be identified, and analyses would then be formulated. The data obtained from the questionnaires will be analyze using the Likert scale. The primary tool used to examine Likert scurf is by the use of graphical analytic thinking. Since the frequency distribution brook visually be seen in the graph, it is easier to beg off the results.The trend represents certain patterns that match with the frequency distribution. The Likert scale is a unidimensional scaling method. Unidimensional concepts are generally easier to understand. Its either something has more of it or less (Trochim 2006, http//www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/scalgen. php ). Since the aim of the research is to strike whether the receptiveness of corporate blog to employees, executives and the corporation as a whole is better or worse, then a unidimensional scaling would be a good measurement for the research. 4.4 Other Resources secondary resources are also critically used in this project, which mainly include news, journal articles and books. Internet and telecommunicate will be as the communication and research tools for this project. The collected data will be coded and analyzed under the theoretical framework and prior reviewed literature. According to Coffey and Atkinson (1996), coding is the process of condensing the bulk of data sets into analyzable units. Coding and analyzing data based theoretical concepts has the important role of enabling rigours review on our data.Therefore, the collected data will be coded and analysed under the theoretical framework and prior reviewed literature. 5 watchword 5. 1 Research expectation and risk The author will discuss the outputs from the shift battlefield, interviews and questionnaires. Each case study will be discussed here in full detail. Blog contents from th e corporate blogs of each company will be evaluated and discussed. The research study is able to seek why did the company considered blogging? What are the advantages and disadvantages from setting up a corporate blog?The expectation data obtained from the questionnaires will also be presented and discussed. Results obtained through the Likert scale will be interpreted. Results are also related to previous researches and theoretical issues discussed in the introduction and literature review. The author will give a brief introduction to the uses of blogs, corporate blogs, its advantages and limitations, and the issues surround corporate blogs, which includes privacy or information leakage of the corporation because of the freedom, entailed in corporate blogging.To which we female genitalia flat generate our prediction of corporate blogging with the analysis of its strategic management implementation (rules and regulations), the perception of employees and employers, and our own ana lysis as to how corporate blogging can elevate the communication process among a business organization. The author expects thought-provoking the blogging system as an entity of information and as a communication medium to delimit its disadvantages and provide better means of communication for the business sector. Assuming that results are as predicted, we can now generalize the discussion.Note, however, that disparate companies have different cultures and strategies in corporate blogging thus different results would be yield, and themes would have to be conventional in order for data to be qualitatively analyzed. Having the prediction of the future of corporate blogging may be a challenging step but I think it is feasible in this case since we can generate information regarding how the corporate blogging system can improve and be able to overcome the challenges of groundbreaking technology. 5. 2 The limitations of the study On major limitation of the study is that only IT compani es are to be considered in data gathering.It is possible that other companies may have a different culture and perception on corporate blogging. Future research may focus on determining the perceptions of companies other than IT and compare its results with the results obtained from this study. Also, the study only analyzed the perceptions of bloggers on corporate blogging. Studies on the perception of nonbloggers (or those who have blogs but do not post regularly) may be carried out to give a more generalized rate of sufferance of blogging as a new kind of innovation. There is also a restraint in Rogers scattering of Innovation Theory.It may be the most widely used theory in both case-by-case and organizational IT adoption researches but none of the five predictors (relative advantage, compatibility with existing values and practices, simplicity and ease of use, trialability and unmistakable results) made Jeyaraj et al. s (2006) list of best predictors for the aggregate IT adop tion construct. Another limitation of this research is that blogging can result in legal problems because of the lack of blogging management. The integrity rules for protection and management are expected to open up immediately.

Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton 1783-1800 Essay Example for Free

Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton 1783-1800 EssayThe post-revolutionary warfare period of the Unites States saw the establishment of the first hostel system and an enlarging gap in viewpoints between the wealthy and the joint man. One might argue that a political party develops in response to a series of controversial issues yet to a neat extent the contradictory views of Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson over issues related to views of regime, the role of government and social school of thought in foreign and domestic affairs, were primarily responsible for shaping the maturate of political parties from 1783-1800. Originally feared by the forefathers, the rise of political parties emerged from intense ideological struggles over views of government between two political leadership important to President Washingtons Cabinet, Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury and Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State. Alexander Hamilton exerted the most influence within the newly emerging Federalist Party. He believed that only an educated ruling class could produce a strong, stable and effective federal government. The government therefore mandatory the support of wealthy men and the promotion of manufacturing interests. Thomas Jefferson and the Republicans defended more the rights of the common man and an agricultural society with limited power from the federal government. His basic principle was grounded in a belief that the people had a more honest and disinterested influence in politics than the wealthy. The Republican Party attracted more of the common people while the Federalist Party drew support from the aristocracy.Although neither side was willing to admit to it, these institutions were cognise as the first party system. Both parties stance on who should have more power in the government contributed to the mostly diverse views of the common man and the wealthy man. Hamilton and Jeffersons differences in social doctrine over the reading material of the administration and the establishment of a national bank further strengthened the rise of established political parties. Federalists called for the national debt to be funded and hoped to create a large national bank assign by wealthy men. Hamilton defended it in a plan presented to Congress by claiming the general nature of the Constitution allowed for corporations to assist in carrying forth by all means infallible that which is take to carry out the duties of government. If permitted, this vein of reasoning presented a broad interpretation of the Constitution, one that relied upon the elastic clause to justify that which is considerednecessary and proper. Jefferson and the Republicans felt the bank was unconstitutional and his opinion on the Constitutionality of a National Bank (1791) required a strict or literal interpretation that drew upon a philosophy of government that verbalise powers not delegated belonged, or better, are reserved, for the people and the states. This included the incorporation of a bank which is not a delegated power given to government in the Constitution.Hamiltons rebuttal can be seen in a letter to George Washington that argued for a broad interpretation of the Constitution on the grounds that it gave to the government delegated and implied powers. In essence, all powers deemed necessary and proper for the fulfillment of delegated duties are constitutional, like the incorporation of a bank. This became known as the elastic clause and would be applied in later debates over constitutional interpretation. Both parties chemical reaction to the Constitutionality of a national bank show their contrasting beliefs in how the Constitution was to be understand. Proving to be a major point of contention between the developing sides, Federalists also called for an chafe revenue to be placed on distillers of alcohol. The whisky Rebellion was the inevitable consequence of the enactment of this tax. Hamilton argued in his efforts to suppress the Whiskey Boys that the people, in ratifying the Constitution, had given the primaeval government the power to tax for the purpose of paying off debts and providing for the nations defense. Since the Constitution had not been amended contrary to those powers Hamilton believed that President Washington had been justified in levying the tax and the Whiskey Rebellion was therefore an unjustified rebellion that needed to be put down by the central government.The Republicans, highly suspicious of taxation as the American colonists had once been, did not believe the excise tax to be constitutional and celebrated the Whiskey Rebellion as an act of protecting rights against an abusive government action. The people had to be the safeguard of the new Republic. The Federalist political cartoon Mad Tom in a Rage portrayed Thomas Jefferson as a liquor soaked anarchist aided by the devil in order to bring the government down. The reactions to the Whiskey Rebe llion reflect how the Federalists and Republicans differed in their interpretation of the Constitution. In social philosophy, the two politicians articulated their partys disagreement over foreign insurance policy concerns regarding the revolution in France. When the french transmutation grew to its most radical peak the Federalists reacted with horror as citizens overthrew the aristocracy. In launching the New Ship of State Hamilton said he did not see the French Revolution as comparable to the American Revolution and doubted if a bleak and good government was likely to end from the war in France. Thomas Jeffersons response was to stress the potential outcome of the Revolution, how it would benefit the self-coloured of mankind, meaning the common man, and how this result could only be won with the spilling of blood, thereby justifying the excesses of violence in the attain of republicanism. Many Republicans even imitated French Jacobins in dress and in speaking.As tension in europium grew Federalists favored an alliance with Great Britain while Republicans generally favored a greater alliance to the French. Jays Treaty was generally seen as a Hamiltonian move to increase the likelihood of a political descent with Britain over one with France. The difference between the Federalist and Republican social philosophies regarding foreign relations is most easily seen among Hamilton and Jeffersons different reactions to the French Revolution. When the Federalists tried to silence the Republican opposition the result was the vastly unpopular Alien and rebellion Acts passed under the Federalist presidency of John Adams. The Alien Act ordered all foreigners considered precarious to leave the unify States. As a result many Republicans found much of its support grew within the nation. The Sedition Act Read That if any person shall write, print, utter, or publish.scandalous and malicious writings against the government of the United Statessuch person shall be punished. The Sedition Act convicted ten men most of whom were Republicans news editors criticizing the Federal government. The Republicans interpreted these laws as an attempt to destroy them and violate the principles of free speech. They fought back with the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions. The Virginia Resolution pointed out how the Acts violated the rights of free speech protected in the Constitution.Jeffersons Kentucky Resolution argued the states compact (or states right) theory that acts by the central government could be nullified by the sovereign states if deemed unconstitutional as the Resolution so deemed the Alien and Sedition Acts. The resolutions nullified the laws and contributed to the rise of Republicanism and the fall of Federalism. The controversial issue contributed largely to the Federalist partys defeat inthe presidential election of 1800. The differing opinions on how the government in the post-Revolutionary war period should be run ultimately created the f irst rise in political parties. The Federalist belief in a government run by wealthy men and opposing Republican support for an agrarian society split the nations people in support of a government most beneficial to them. Differing reactions to the French Revolution showed the distinct difference in Federalist and Republican over foreign policy. The National Bank and the excise tax on liquor revealed differing views on how strictly the Constitution should be interpreted and the Alien and Sedition Acts reveal an attempt of one party to dissolve another. The contrasting views of Hamiltons Federalism and Jeffersons Republicanism were the ultimate contributors to ripping the nation on views of government and establishing the first political parties.

Christianity Essay Example for Free

Christianity EssayTrade and merchants play a major role in Christianity and Islam from their origins to the 1500s, and even though two had similar attributes yet differed as well. Christians and Islam both had a negative outlook, both had their religious viewpoints, as well as both changed their views towards shargon. Despite this, Christianity began to open up to trade, even tolerating it, succession Muslims became stricter on merchants and trade. Furthermore, Both Islam and Christianity had a negative attitudes for instance, in the Bible, Jesus preaches to his disciples how a rich man result n ever so reach heaven. This is due to their behavior, for merchants are greedy and lying people whose only content is to corroborate rich, which goes against Christianitys belief. Moreover, Thomas Aquinas explains how foul and unjust merchants are for they price their goods higher than what the product truly cost. By the tone of the scroll as well as how he explains trade and its problems show his dislike. as well as Ibn Khaldun describes merchants as weak, and disgusting men and how they negatively affect the government. His tone is harsher however, which indicates his anger towards the merchants. Merchants constants rip-off of the people by selling their goods at a high price as well s giving their alone their goods to those who pay more.The Islamic Court in Ankara had to deal with a case in which merchants would cut into all their cotton to a single person, if they pay extra high price in accompaniment to the merchants high prices. Document seven contains recites from that of the people who have complained about the merchants. Both Christianity and Islam make do the same pessimistic attitude towards merchants and trade because of their behavior and how they sell their goods. Anyways, I would have like to envision a document from a merchant, it would have help me better indicate if merchants were really sneaky and unfair as spoken in the documents g iven. Some looked to the Christianitys and Islams beliefs, to determine their view on merchants and trade for both religions impacted all their followers. In the Bible, Jesus says that no rich man will ever reach heaven. The small passage comes from the bible, which heavily every Christians view. Which is also why he emphasized how the quote from the bible and how it fit into the situation.The Muslim Quran also circled around honesty and truthfulness which the Muslims and Muslim merchants had to follow if they valued to reach paradise. Thomas Aquinas who was also heavily influence by Christianity, and its bible, for he states a line of work out of the bible. He indicates the biblebecause he knows that adding the bible would persuade many of the Christians which was his intended target audience. Reginald, a monk of Durham also says explains the life of Godric and how he became a successful merchant, only to become trite of it and soon devoted himself to God giving away all his pos sessions to the poor. Reginalds attended audience was Christian followers, he also helps justify document 1 in Godric went from rich to poor in establish to devote himself to god. I would have liked a document from a person not Christian or Islam because it would have allow me to understand how much both religions influence the views of its subjects. Despite the similarities Christianity religious views face to rather negative and stricter than the Muslims were lighter and positive. Merchants and trade in the eyes of Christianity and Islam began to change significantly overtime.Ibn Khaldun says how beneficial the merchants are to the capital, for they buy goods in one area, only to sell at a higher price in an area in demand. Which the Quran also depicts, however it encourages trade as long as it is fair and truthful. all the same Ibn Khaldun gives us evidence of laws which were established in order to control merchants behavior. In addition, document 7 shows how the Islamic cour t had power over merchants and could affect their behavior as well as. irrelevant Islam which began to become stricter, Christianity began look towards it positively, such as, letter C of document 6 describes an order being canceled for side wool, and the consumer seemingly brings god name into it, which suggest the consumer does not think of trade conflicting with Christianity. Which letter A also identify for both letters show how the merchants goal is to make a profit, and they see no problem with. In conclusion, Christianity and Islam attitudes towards trade and merchants were similar in certain aspects as, of the beginning both viewed it negatively, and on a religious level. However, both began to change their views on trade and merchants. For Christianity began approving trade, while Islam began harsher treatment towards trade and merchants.

Value of Pop Culture Essay Example for Free

Value of wipe out Culture EssayJim and Pam got married, Ke$ha brushes her teeth with whiskey, and Lady Gaga ponders if we are actually born dispose to be weird. No matter where you look, we are surrounded by pop civilization. Popular subtlety is a sub- finis that is often mocked and scrutinized as non being meaningful or significant, pop acculturation is seen as what is considered nerveless at the moment in time, and carries no long-term effects on society or culture as a whole. Emile Durkheim once said For Sociology really to be a science of things, the generality of phenomena must(prenominal) be taken as the criterion of their normality. In the same book, He argues for the functions of crime in society, I believe that these functions are the same functions that familiar culture has in society. In brief, these functions are to prepare genial norms, establish social boundaries, create rituals that generate social solidarity, generate innovation, and pave the way for so cial change. It is of the essence(predicate) to identify what pop culture is identified as, seeing as how it can be manipulationd in several different ways. When I refer to pop culture, I mean so in the mercantile culture sense. Commercial culture produces a product in order to generate a profit. conquer us first to examine the way popular culture produces social norms. In the book The dominating Ideology Thesis, the authors argue that mass media is the key by which ideas of the dominant class is spread to the rest of society. I believe this view is crucial to understanding how popular culture produces social norms. For example, lets use what we wear as a way to show how social norms are produce. The appearance industry tells us what to wear in magazines and advertisements, these norms are reinforced over and over again by tv, actors, film, musicians, and celebrities who embrace the fashion trends.Stores begin to only sell a certain type of clothing, and it becomes increasingl y more(prenominal) difficult to not conform to the fashion norm. Popular culture is not limited only to the fashion world in terms of the norms it produces, it is impossible to go through a checkout at the store and not be bombarded by magazines that partake in what type of sexual practices are not acceptable, what type of music is on the rise, and hitherto what type of nutritions we should eat. Even children are being conditioned to behave a certain way give thanks to programming such as Sesame Street and Barney.In addition to producing social norms, popular culture also helps us establish social boundaries. The music we listen to, along with the clothes we wear and the picture we watch not only helps to shape our identities but also helps us find those people more like ourselves. It is because of the rise in popular culture that we are able to embrace certain musical theater tastes and reject others, allowing us to find others who share the same likes and dislikes as oursel ves. People who listen to Metallica probably adoptt have much in common with those people who listen to Miley Cyrus.Pop culture offers us a unique system to identify those who are like us, this is seen more obviously in the crock business. The lucre has normalized amateur vulgarism to the point where there is an unjustifiable amount of naked people on the internet, most of whom clearly (and I mean clearly ) do so for non-profit. Perhaps the easiest aspect of popular culture to observe is the rituals that it creates. Teenagers are brought together through dance clubs, college students come together to view television events, comic book fans wait in line hours to see a invigorated movie.All these rituals produce feelings of belonging, bonding with members of society over a common interest. The super bowl for example is a multibillion sawhorse affair because of the fact that millions of people from all demographics will sit down and watch the game for third hours. Going to a con cert gives you a since of social solidarity, singing along to a song in unison with fifteen-thousand other people creates close social bonds even if you hardly know anyone else at the concert.They share a sense of meaning in their identity this shared meaning is the basis of group solidarity. harmonize to Durkheim, it is solidarity that is the basic building block of social cohesion. Popular Culture has also helped to generate innovations that have no only pass arounded itself, but all of culture. Obviously the most important area that popular culture has helped progress is clearly the internet. The World Wide Web has progressed and is driven by what could be considered the largest are of pop culture, pornography.I suspect that pornography hasnt exactly helped the advancement of civilization, but it has helped the advancement of technology greatly. The development of wideband internet, streaming videos online, high definition quality pictures, all came to be as a result of the porn ography business. Of course innovation isnt held strictly by the adult entertainment business another grand industry spurred by pop culture is the music industry, specifically the way we listen and buy music. ahead 1999, and the invention of Napster, the internet was not a medium that many in the music industry embraced and it wasnt until Napster exploited the lack of regulation over the internet that big music corporations saw the advantages of using the internet as a means to spread their product to a whole new audience. Before, the customer had to back to a record store and sort through hundreds of albums in order to find a new type of music or band to listen too, now it can be accomplished with a quick Google search.The film industry has also been touched by the advancement that pop culture has allowed. With companies such as Netflix set up to combine movies with the internet, and the invention of the DVD, thousands of films are at our disposal and all with watch crystal clea r clarity. Arguably the most important function that popular culture serves in our society is that it paves the alley to social change, numerous times it is actually the driving force behind social change. This can be seen all the way back to 1906 when Upton Sinclairs book The Jungle helped lead to a revolution of the food industry in America.We can see this clearly most recently with the sudden involvement of celebrities who got twisting in the 2008 presidential election, primarily in Barack Obamas campaign. Robert DeNiro, Oprah Winfrey, Usher, Chris Rock, Scarlett Johansson, Ron Howard, Magic Johnson, and John Mayer are just a few of the actors/athletes/comedians/musicians that are linked with Obama. It is no surprise that Obama won the 2008 presidential election in a landslide. Companies have long known the effect that celebrities have on America and have used them to relate products.We are seeing this again with the involvement of such celebrities as Lady Gaga in the aerial Rights movement. Rap music is a great example of a group inside of pop culture which constantly challenges the social norms and the power structure of the white majority. It is clear that popular culture serves many functions in society, many of which are shared by crime. These functions include producing social norms, establishing social boundaries, creating rituals that generate social solidarity, generating innovation, and pave the way for social change. We cannot simply push pop culture off to the side as low-brow culture and has no significance.

Psychology and Family Law Essay Example for Free

Psychology and Family Law concludeIntroduction The Rise in disjoin Rates. Rasul began his paper on the economics of youngster custody with an comment and analysis of the Ameri kindle family. For him, the last thirty years had been witness to dramatic transformations involving the American family (Rasul, 2006, 1). This dramatic alternate since the 1970s consists in the composition of American families. Where thirty years ago, much than half of the American families consisted of a father, mother, and child or children, today much(prenominal) composition only when forms iodin in five families (Rasul, 2006, 1). much(prenominal) significant change is attri more(prenominal)overed to one featureor alone, which is part. Rasul observes that the instances of divide have risen dramatically oer the years, such that it affects more(prenominal) than one million children every year (Rasul, 2006, 1). In the United Kingdom, another industrialize region, 41 part of marriag es end up in break within fourteen years (Lamb, Sternberg, Thompson, 1997, 394). While divorce order excessively increased in industrialized countries other than the United States, and the divorce rates in the United States already r from each oneed a plateau, the fact remains that the United States Bureau of Census estimated in 1992 that more than forty percent of first marriages in the country is bound to end in divorce. Moreover, the relative pooh-pooh in divorce rates is accompanied by an equivalent effect, which is the number of people cohabiting without marriage and nonmarital child bearing. These other arrangements cause the decline in divorce, besides end in the same accompaniment of a broken family. (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 22). The increase in divorce rates can also be attributed to the certain developments since the 1970s, which intromit the growing tolerance of society for divorce. Moreover, society is no longer strictly insistent on the aliment of stereoty pical family arrangements (DErrico Elwork, 1991, 104).Changes in Family Law. As a consequence of these dramatic changes, changes in the field of family justness of nature also occur. These changes can be found both in substantive and procedural law (DErrico Elwork, 1991, 104-105). Substantive law has changed due to observations of the effects of restrictive and punitive laws on divorce. Thus, umpteen jurisdictions already steered outside(a) from the rule that one of the spouses must have committed some transgression before they can be granted divorce. Now, the familiar rule in most jurisdictions is in accordance with the no-fault doctrine. This doctrine allows married pits to file for divorce on the simple ground of irreconcilable differences (DErrico Elwork, 1991, 104). Another change in substantive law and policy can be found in the gender-neutral stance taken by courts in cases of divorce. The past decades illustrated a bias, manifested in the assumption that mothers hav e more inherent capability to take c ar of their children. Today, such an assumption is no longer strongly held. Rather, courts be now showing neutrality in gender and the determination of a family law case now hinges on the consideration of the best interests of the child (DErrico Elwork, 1991, 104-105). Another change in substantial law and policy is manifested in the observation that there is a growing predilection over self-determined divorce and child custody arrangements. This trend of change is largely attributable to the belief that divorce is a private matter that must be left amongst them to be resolved. This belief is a break a track from the previous prevailing thought about the states interest in protecting the sanctity of marriage through and through the regulation of its dissolution (DErrico Elwork, 1991, 104). These changes in substantive law on divorce and family law necessarily cause changes in the procedural aspect of the law. Thus, the increased ease by which couples could seek divorce and the option of individualizing post divorce arrangements heavily increased the dockets of courts with divorce cases. This led the courts to encourage divorcing couples to find other alternative means of resolving power their issues (DErrico Elwork, 1991, 105). There are also other factors that make alternative means of resolving family disputes and divorce issues more appealing. The lack of necessity for proving fault in a divorce action removed the need to adjudicate family issues. Moreover, the removal of the presumption in favor of the mothers capability to care for the child hassleatical courts into making a determination about vague issues, such as love and care, which could be difficult to measure in a court setting. These factors all contributed to the growing popularity of other modes of dispute resolution, such as interinterinterintermediation (DErrico Elwork, 1991, 105). dissever mediation. One such alternative mode of dispute resolution recently applied in family law is mediation. Thus, divorce mediation, under which process a neutral third political party intervenes to serve the couple place their differences through negotiation, receives the most attention lately (DErrico Elwork, 1991, 105) especially among parents who wish to get divorced (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 22). When applied to help couples arrive at self-determined arrangements on matters of divorce and child custody, mediation is believed to cause four benefits, namely, (a) more happiness with the terms of agreements, (b) greater compliance with agreements, (c) less postdivorce conflict amidst ex-spouses, and (d) better postdivorce emotional adjustment (DErrico Elwork, 1991, 105). Indeed, mediation posed itself as a solution to the ever-increasing rates of divorce in the Untied States, as tumefy as an alternative to in good and traditional methods of dispute resolving power, such as litigation (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 22). Mediation is bonny the alternative method of dispute resolution of choice since it provides professional help to divorces, which have a senior high probability of getting acrimonious. Thus, there are only few couples that could manage to suffer a divorce in amicable terms. In a survey of two California counties, it was found that 24 percent of divorces therein required professional intervention, while 25 percent involved intense conflict (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 23). Mediation is also popular among couples seeking divorce because unlike court action or litigation, it has the ability to facilitate administration of justice and reduce cost, specifically in terms of money and time. Moreover, opposer colony procedures are now believed to cause problems involving post separation family relationships, arising from parental conflict and divorce. (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 23).Comparison of Divorce Mediation and opposer Settlement. It is not uncommon for mediation to get compared from ot her forms of dispute settlement, such as adversary settlement. In a study conducted by Emery, Sbarra and Grover, a comparison was made between mediation and adversary settlement through random assignment (2005, 25). They randomly approached families that were interested in contested custody hearing and offered them a mediation program as an eleventh hour settlement attempt (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 25). This study yielded positive results with wish to the time of settlement of issues. Thus, the authors found that cases assigned to mediation were settled in half the time that settlement using adversary settlement occurred. On the other hand, there are other studies that conclude that mediation is better over adversary settlement in terms of cost, because the former is less expensive than the latter. In addition, it was observed that there is a trend for greater compliance with child support orders among nonresidential parents who intermediate (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 27). They also observed that there are more families coming from mediation that go back in order to update or change their existing arrangements. The authors view this in a positive light, proverb that parenting plans should be viewed as living agreements that must be changed in accordance with corresponding changes in the stakeholders lives. much(prenominal) changes are best made by going back to the mediation process (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 27). In addition, Emery, Sbarra and Grover discover in the follow-up sessions to their study that most of their subjects who belonged to the mediation group were more open to the idea or suggestion of changing their original agreements. They are also the ones who actually adjusted their arrangements more often than those subjects who belonged to the adversary system (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 28). The authors noted that the willingness of the subjects to modify their original arrangements, coupled with the actual facts of modification, i s a positive finding. Aside from the fact that the changes had been far from chaotic, they prove that parents who underwent mediation had become more flexible in accommodating changes that are alpha in the lives of their children and their own (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 28). The authors also looked into another factor to compare mediation with the adversary process. This factor is party merriment. They noted that each kind of method of dispute settlement has certain talents. For example, the adversary systems cognize strength is that it ensures that the rights of both parties are protected. On the other hand, mediation is known for being more understanding of the feelings of the parties involved (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 28). However, this main difference, which had looked so glaring before study, disappeared in view of the results that showed that mediation consistently got high rates of party satisfaction over the adversary system, even if the assessment was based on th e criterion that is known for being the strength of such system. More importantly, the authors observed that such high rate of party satisfaction remains relatively unchanged among different time durations. Thus, a party may be pleasant with mediation six weeks after mediation, but surprisingly, parties remain satisfied even after a plosive of more than a year (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 28).Important Elements of Mediation. Mediation remains on the top of the list of effective methods of dispute settlement, especially in divorce rates, because it boasts of certain fractions that ensure the process success. One such element is its capability of enlisting the cooperation of parents in order to take the long view, and consider the best interests of their children in the emerging (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 32). Considering that divorce cases often involve high conflict, open hostility, and tension, it is difficult to call upon parents to cooperate with each other. However, medi ation allows parents to take a look at the future of their relationship, maybe not as a couple, but as permanent parents (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 32). Mediation is also effective in educating divorcing parents and couples about emotions. These emotions involve not only those felt by the couple involved, but more importantly, those of their child or children. There are several(prenominal) techniques by which the goal of emotional education can be achieved, but one effective charge is through the mediators reflection of a childs manageable emotional reactions to the crisis situation using his self as a medium. For example, the mediator could say how uncomfortable and scary an experience becomes when the couple starts fighting each other.Thus, mediation allows parents to realize that their bickering actually affects the emotions of people around them, and thereby can thinking about themselves. It is apparent therefore that mediation does not necessarily provide therapy for the emotional problems of the parties, but it allows them to understand the feelings and emotions involved in order to help them control such emotions in the best possible way and, in the process, achieve a good plan for the family (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 33). Finally, mediation is an effective process because it helps parties annul treating each other as adversaries. A business-like approach such as the one commonly used in mediation allows the parties to approach issues in a distant and less emotional state. Moreover, not treating each other as adversaries avoids the road to strained relationships that only cause the wounds of the divorce to get worse (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 34). cause of Divorce on Children The trend in favor of divorce and single parenthood in industrialized countries has raised concerns about the effects of such family arrangements to children involved. Unfortunately for children, divorce often leads to negative immediate effects, such as serious emoti onal and psychological disturbance. Considering that psychological symptoms such as emotional disturbance, loneliness, depression, anger, helplessness, and many others are common among the parents or couples involved, it should be expected that such negative effects would be experienced more severely by the children trapped inside the crisis (Lamb, Sternberg, Thompson, 1997, 394). It is worth noting that the difficulty of children in dealing with their parents divorce is aggravate by the fact that the parents involved in the crisis are often too preoccupied with their personal emotions such that they fail to give much-needed support to their children. Worse, these parents often fall in the temptation to make too much demand that worsen the situation for their children (Lamb, Sternberg, Thompson, 1997, 395). Another problem common to children in divorce situations is the economic problem brought about by the need to maintain two separate residences, and the common situation of mot hers who are more economically-challenged than the fathers. However, such situation is avoided or minimized in cases where the parents resolve their conflicts and work out a way of providing for the educational, emotional, and economic needs of their children (Lamb, Sternberg, Thompson, 1997, 395-396).Conclusion. Divorce and single parenting is increasingly becoming common in industrialized regions such as the United States and the United Kingdom. This trend is caused by several factors and, in turn, causes several issues, practices, and concerns in many different levels, such as the family, children, substantive and procedural law, and alternative dispute resolution mechanisms (Rasul, 2006, 1 DErrico Elwork, 1991, 104). Divorce causes deleterious effects on the parties. However, the negative impact of divorce is more squarely felt by the affected children who, in their tender age, are forced into adjusting and coping with the emotional stress and burden necessitated by divorce pr oceedings (Lamb, Sternberg, Thompson, 1997, 394). Such hardships could be minimized by different factors, such as cooperation between parents in providing emotional, economic and educational support to their children. Parents also have the option of minimizing or totally avoiding antagonism and hostility in the divorce proceedings by choosing to undergo mediation rather than court litigation. Indeed, mediation provides many advantages and avoids the stress involved in court action (Emery, Sbarra Grover, 2005, 22).ReferencesDErrico, M. G. Elwork, A. (1991). Are Self-Determined Divorce and Child fetter Agreements Really Better? Family and Conciliation Courts Review 29(2), 104- 113.Emery, R. E., Sbarra, D. Grover, T. (2005). Divorce Mediation Research and Reflections. Family Court Review 43(1), 22-37.Lamb, M. E., Sternberg, K. J., Thompson, R. A. (1997). The effect of Divorce and Custody Arrangements on Childrens Behavior, Development, and Adjustment. Family and Conciliation Courts Review 35(4), 393-404.Rasul, I. (2006). The Economics of Child Custody. Economica 73, 1-25.