Psychodynamic Theory Founded By Sigmund Freud Psychology Essay

Psychodynamic Theory Founded By Sigmund Freud Psychology EssayThe interest prove allow for analyse the Psychodynamic guess founded by Sigmund Freud. It will focal point on the components of the mind including the Conscious, the pre- certified proper and the Unconscious. It will accordingly examine his plowsh be into the structure of Personality with reference to The Id, Ego and Super- self. Following this, the essay will discuss Freuds proposal of tips within his psycho familiar development. The essay will then focus on the Humanistic theory of Carl Rogers. It will explain his judgment of the Actualizing tendency and incorporate his creations of egotism fancy, the organismal self and the Ideal self. As a contri merelyion to Rogers work, the essay will also highlight the hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow. The two theories will then be compared and contrasted. This essay will focus on the human beings developmental stage of puerility. correspond to Freud there are thr ee levels of Consciousness within the mind. The conscious, this holds thoughts and ruleings that we are full aware of at any one fourth dimension, it prat be mouth and logically thought round.The pre-conscious proper holds memories that only when they are thought of kitty they be brought back into the Conscious dowery of the mind. Information is easily overlap between the conscious and the pre-conscious proper.Finally the Unconscious. Material here is deemed too agonising and is repressed (locked away) yet still has the strength to influence our actions. We have conscious thoughts that we are aware of and unconscious thoughts that appear in our mind in the form of dreams. Moreover, what happens in our conscious mind in turn influences what thoughts slobber through to our unconscious mind (Gross, The perception of pass and Behaviour, 2010) (Ingleby, 2006, p. 7)Freud related this idea to a model of an Iceberg. The tip acts as 10% relating to the Conscious as only this is v isible, the rest macrocosm submerged acting as the Pre-conscious and the Unconscious. (Kazlev, 2004)Freud furthered his c at one timept of personalizedity of which he proposed was devised into the Id or intrinsic drive, the Ego and the SuperegoThe Id obeys the diversion principle. It holds no morals and seeks instant gratification containing mostly sexual or self-asserting impulses. a cauldron full of seething excitationsit is filled with energy but has no organisation only a striving to bring about the satisfaction of instinctional needs subject to observance of the pleasure principle (Freud, new-sprung(prenominal) introductory lectures in psychoanalysis, 1933, p. 73)Within the id lie downs the concupiscence ( action or pleasure drive) and Thanatos (death instincts). concupiscence helps the child to survive, it directs life-sustaining activities such as respiration, eating, sex and the fulfilment of other bodily needs In contrast Freud retrieved Destructive acts such as arson, fist fights, murder, war and even masochism were outward expressions of the death instincts (R.Shaffer, 1946, p. 43)The Ego Acts as the mediator between the Id and the super-ego. It is the rational part of the mind. It is governed by the reality principle. Freud Created defense team mechanisms in an attempt to protect the ego from constant threat from the super-ego. These embroil Repression substance re-directing contradict thoughts to the Unconscious . As well as gibbosity this being the shifting of blame or thoughts and feelings onto someone or something less(prenominal) intimidating. The idea of psychological defence itself was not problematic it was a frequent operation of the human mind faced with unpleasant events. But customary defence did not generally lead to total forgetting though commonly absent from consciousness, unpleasant memories could be recalled by fresh perceptions. (Freud, The origins of Psychoanalysis, 1954)The super-ego acts as the negative par ent. This is learned from others and seen as the internalisation of social morals. It criticises decisions made by the ego and makes negative judgments. (Freud, The origins of Psychoanalysis, 1954) (Gross, Psychology- The Science and Mind of Behaviour, 2010)According to Freud, sexuality is apparent in babies from birth allowing sexual pleasure and frustration. The progression of the Psychosexual stages depends on the biological maturity but is influenced greatly by how single(a)s are treated, most significantly by their parents. If excessive frustration or gratification occurs during a stage, the undivided will remain fixated. (Gross, The Science of Mind and Behaviour, 2010)The Oral stage (0-1year) nociceptive nerve endings in the mouth and lips allow the baby to gain pleasure from Sucking and swallowing. Disturbances throughout this stage will lead to Oral fixture such as thumb sucking or over-eatingThe Anal stage (1-3years) Muscles of the bowel are the source of pleasure. Whil st potty training, the parents love becomes dependent on the childs actions. The child is in control of where and when it defecates.The Phallic stage (3-5/6 years) introduces a new source of pleasure in the genital organ. The child focuses on their opposite-sex parent. In males the Oedipus conflict suggests a young boy gains sexual feelings for his mother. In females the penis envy or Electra complex suggests sexual feelings for the father in which time she is jealous of the mother. a tragedy of destiny. Its tragic effect is said to lie in the contrast between the supreme will of the gods and the vain attempts of cosmos to escape the evil that threatens themIt is the fate of all of us, perhaps, to direct our first sexual impulse towards our mother and our first hatred and our first murderous like against our father. (Freud, The interpretation of Dreams., 1900)The Latency Period (5/6 to puberty) involves the decline of sexual instincts. The traumas of the phallic stage are repre ssed thus allowing social skills to develop.Finally, the Genital stage. The in the beginning sexual thoughts have been repressed however the focus on the genitalia returns, enabling the control of the Id and its heterosexual demands. (Gross, Psychology- The acquirement of Mind and Behaviour, 2010)The Humanistic advent founded by Carl Rogers was a direct reaction to behaviourism and psychoanalysis, with the idea that some(prenominal) theories related more to the testing and the treatment rather than the perceptions/interpretations of the individuals external stimuli. (Gross, The attainment of the Mind and Behaviour, 2010)In accordance to this, Rogers created the Person Centred theory. Thus being a theory based more on the client and their potential for personal growth. He adopts a holistic approach, considering all aspects of the individual and external stimuli. He stipulates an individuals equilibrium is based upon being congruent However outside influences can cause incongruen ce (an unbalance in one self).not from the point of vision of simply accepting the standard view of science as postulated in myriad academic texts, but rather of creating a newer view of science as a human endeavour which calls on the whole person rather than just on the intellect (Rowan, 2001, p. 291)Rogers believed each living being had the ability to develop and reach their maximum potential. This introduced The Actualising Tendency. Rogers developed this idea whilst find a bin of potatoes stored in the basement during his childhood. In the unfavourable conditions the potatoes began to sprout, desperately reaching toward the light from a small window. Thus giving the ensample that regardless of the conditions, everyone and everything can strive to self actualise.the mainspring of life it is the urge which is lucid in all organic and human life- to expand, extend, become autonomous ,develop and bestride (Rogers, 1961, p. 193)Rogers put forward his concept of personality, cat egorised into The self concept, The Organismic self and the Ideal self.The self concept, described as how we perceive ourselves and the environment. This is acquired through childhood and can reflect on the care presumption during such time.The Organismic self is who we truly are with the ability to act how we please once free from judgement and social conformities.The Ideal self is in lengthiness with the self concept. It is something we desperately want but will never carry out as once the goal is reached a new one is created.the unionised consistent conceptual gestalt composed of perceptions of the characteristics of I or me and the perceptions of the relationships of the I or me to others and to various aspects of life, together with the values attached to these perceptions. It is a gestalt which is available to consciousness though not necessarily in awareness. It is a fluid and ever-changing gestalt, a process, but at any given moment it is a specific entity (Rogers C. , 1959) (Gross, Psychology- The science of Mind and Behaviour, 2010) any given moment it is a specific entity.at any given moment it is a specific entity.the organized consistent conceptual gestalt composed of perceptions of the characteristics of I or me and the perceptions of the relationships of the I or me to others and to various aspects of lifethe organized consistent conceptual gestalt composed of perceptions of the characteristics of I or me and the perceptions of the relationships of the I or me to others and to various aspects of life, together with the values attached to these perceptions. It is a gestalt which is available to awareness though not necessarily in awareness. It is a fluid and changing gestalt, a process, but at any given moment it is a specific entity.In conjunction with Rogers, Abraham Maslow introduced the Hierarchy of Needs. He devised a model in the shape of a pyramid into stages of human development. Before progressing to a higher level, the previous ne eds to be richly attained, beginning with the foundation which implys basic Physiological needs such as food, oxygen and sex. Other levels include safety needs, love and belongingness, Esteem needs, cognitive needs, aesthetic needs and finally Self actualization, this being the ultimate an individual can become. However it can only be gained through stupefy rather than the prominent biology found in the lower levels. (Gross, Psychology- The Science and Mind of Behaviour, 2010)With regards to similarities between Freuds Psychoanalysis and Rogers Humanistic Approach both theorists include a division of personality. Freuds Id can be compared to Rogers Organismic self in the sense that the Organismic self is who we truly are, this however is contained once in public, much like the Id of which the desires are controlled by the Ego, both related to the legitimate self and what it desires.Much like Freuds Ego, Rogers Self Concept is logical and the part of personality both shaped by ex ternal stimuli built from childhood.The concupiscence Within Freuds concept of the Id is similar to Rogers Self Actualising Tendency for the reason that the Eros directs life sustaining activities enabling us to progress and develop to fulfil our life potential.Both are male perspectives and may be biased, most observable in Freuds concept of Penis envy, implying that not having a penis makes women feel inferior.In relation to the differences, Freuds idea of the development of personality includes psychosexual stages, these straightway relate to childhood and uses specific ages throughout, whereas Rogers disregards age as an importance and focuses to begin with on the individual in a holistic manor.Rogerss concept of Self Actualization relates to all living beings from humans to potatoes however Freud only concerns himself with humans.Freud believes babies are born with bad psychic energy in order to meet basic needs referring to them as a Seething cauldron. However Rogers sho w the process of becoming a fully functioning person meaning how they become is all that is relevant.This essay has identified key aspects of both Freuds Psychodynamic theory into personality and also Carl Rogers Humanistic theory. It Focused on Freuds perception of the Mind including the conscious, the pre-conscious proper and the Unconscious. As well as his structure if personality lowly into the Id, the Ego and the Super-ego and finally the stages into his conception of the Psychosexual stages. The essay then pore on Carl Rogers Humanistic theory, explaining The Actualising Tendency, the three Selfs and also briefly highlighted the work of Maslow as a continuation to Rogers theory. Whilst focusing on Childhood it finished by emphasising the similarities and differences within the two theories. However it may be prominent to believe the events of its first years are paramount importance for its whole sequent life. (Freud, An Outline of Psychoanalysis., 1949, p. 283)